One example is the LGV+ project in France, consisting in a re-signalling of the LGV Paris-Lyon, and adding ATO, to extend the capacity to 16-18 TGV/hour (today 13 TGV/hour). By combining a digital signalling solution, and homogenous driving of the train with ATO, the capacities can be increased.
PEAKHOUR NO INTERFACES FOUND FULL
Some portions of the railway network can be heavily used by passenger and freight trains, sometimes at full capacity. On Mainline, the increase of capacity is also a critical topic. Some cities have already made the choice to use state-of-art signalling systems coupled with ATO, to operate a metro system with maximum capacity.
The second option, which can be named “Signalling instead of concrete” uses the latest digital technologies, to enable one train every 90 seconds at peak hour.
The first choice can be very difficult, costly, and time-consuming, when new tunnels must be made. Rising urbanization and passenger increase in public transportation leaves two choices to operators to face this issue: GoA4 is also called Unattended Train Operation (UTO). In GoA4, there is no more staff within the vehicle, all operations being automated. GoA3 is also called Driverless Train Operation (DTO).
PEAKHOUR NO INTERFACES FOUND DRIVER
In GoA3, there is no driver anymore, but onboard staff remains present. The driver is still present to supervise the doors operation, and operations when disruptions occur. In GoA2, traction and braking are performed automatically by ATO, supervised by ATP. GoA1 is the first Grade of Automation, in which the driver is responsible for all actions, with ATP supervision. The International Association of Public Transport (UITP) has defined four levels of automation, named Grades of Automation (GoA), from GoA1 up to GoA4. ATP activates the emergency brake when these events occur. ATO stands for Automatic Train Operation, consisting in a set of systems aiming to bring automation into the operations of trains.ĪTO is coupled with Automatic Train Protection (ATP), that ensures the supervision of the train: the overspeed and trespassing of danger points detection.
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